In April 2018, dating app Bumble permitted people to gain access without going through Facebook. In the aftermath of data privacy scandals, trust in the social network is at an all time low. By distancing itself, Bumble aligns with an increasing desire for control and privacy online.

At £9,500 for the basic model, Solarin’s price point puts it firmly into the luxury smartphone market. The majority of high-end handsets come adorned with precious metals and jewels, but Solarin isn’t selling a flashy exterior; its high-level security is what drives up the price tag.

User confidence in social media giants has been plummeting in the wake of data privacy scandals and the rise of ‘fake news’. As a result, many are choosing to connect with like-minded individuals in micro-spaces that they believe can offer better security and a sense of community.

Web giants such as Facebook and Google have woven themselves into billions of lives, but countless controversies over the years have a growing number of users questioning if they can trust these companies. How are data breaches and fake news changing people’s relationships with big tech?